This report examines how the internet’s lack of a built-in payment protocol forces value transfer through siloed, intermediary-controlled systems like SWIFT, ACH, and card networks, which introduce cost, latency, and geographic constraints. It explores how stablecoins, with their programmability, global accessibility, and microtransaction capabilities, can form the foundation for internet-native payments. The analysis breaks down the proposed payment architecture into four modular layers (application, coordination, routing, and settlement) highlighting the coordination layer as the missing piece for enabling seamless, automated payments between humans and autonomous agents. Protocols like X402 and the Interledger Protocol are identified as key to bridging this gap, paving the way for a permissionless, machine-readable payment infrastructure built for the modern internet.
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