The exception enacted in Arts. 3 and 4 of the CDSM Directive at a time when the Generative AI development could not have been fully anticipated, can be interpreted as covering some operations of training of a Generative AI model, but certainly not all aspects or stages of the life cycle of AI models and systems, from curating a dataset for training to the generation of an image, text or other media, by users. Source: European Copyright Society Opinion on Copyright and Generative AI – Kluwer Copyright Blog